A Review on Advanced Preservation Techniques for Post-harvest Quality Maintenance of Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables preservation is critical for reducing post-harvest losses, increasing shelf life, and ensuring year-round availability of seasonal goods. It approach is meant to preserve the nutritional value, taste, texture, and color of fresh food while preventing spoiling caused by microbes, enzymes, and environmental influences. There are three types of preservation methods: physical, chemical, and biological. Refrigeration, freezing, and drying are examples of physical preservation processes, as are heat treatments like pasteurization and canning. Refrigeration reduces microbial growth and enzymatic activity, whereas freezing stops both, allowing fruits and vegetables to be stored for longer periods. Drying procedures include sun-drying, dehydration, vacuum drying, and freeze-drying, all of which remove moisture and restrict microbial activity. Canning is the method of destroying microorganisms with heat and putting them in an airtight container to prevent contamination. Chemical preservation methods include sulphur dioxide, sodium benzoate, and citric acid. Sugar, salt, acids, and spices are food additives used to preserve fruits and vegetables. In Fermentation, microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast convert sugars into acids or alcohol, producing an environment that prevents spoilage organisms from growing. Finally, conclusion preserving fruits and vegetables is an important part of food security and quality management. A combination of traditional and modern technologies, suited to the individual demands of different types of produce, is critical for reducing waste and providing a consistent supply of nutritious foods year-round.