Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: An Emerging Organism Causing Pleural Effusion in an Immunocompetent Child

Aims: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacillus attributed to zoonotic infections primarily. In humans they usually cause localized cutaneous infections namely erysipeloid, occasionally becomes diffuse and may lead to septicemia and endocarditis in opportunistic immunocompromised individuals. The growing and evolving disease spectrum of this organism in human beings is a potential future threat. This case report addresses a common disease manifestation with this unusual organism which is needs to be highlighted.

Presentation of Case: Herein we report a case of 1year 9month old immunocompetent male child belonging to a shepherd family who presented with long standing left sided pleural effusion. Pleural fluid culture yielded Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Despite a culture sensitive antibiotic therapy a sequelae of residual effusion with subpleural collapse and fibrous septations developed, hence left lateral thoracotomy along with decortication surgery was performed.

Discussion: This case report highlights the drug sensitivity and resistance pattern in detail and also points out the prognosis and possible sequelae of the disease which in turn can increase treatment awareness regarding the organism.

Conclusion: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is an unusual organism which was found in our patient causing pleural effusion is a very unlikely coalition and needs a separate mention as this emerging microbe can be a cause of concern due to its novelty and scarce medical evidence.