Prediction of Weekly Rainfall Both in Discrete and Continuous Time Using Markov Model

In this chapter, a Markov model to study weekly rainfall both in discrete and continuous time is presented. The model predicts and analyzes weekly rainfall pattern of Makurdi, Nigeria using rainfall data of eleven years(2005-2015). After some successful iterations of the discrete time Markov model, its stabilizes to equilibrium probabilities, revealing that in the long-run 22% of the weeks during rainy season in Makurdi, will experience No rainfall, 50% will experience Low rainfall, 25% will experience Moderate rainfall and 2% will experience High rainfall. For the continuous time Markov model, It was observed that, if it is in No rainfall state in a given week, it would take at most 49%, 27% and 16% of the time to make a transition to Low rainfall, Moderate rainfall, and High rainfall respectively in the far future. Thus given the rainfall in a week, it is possible to determine quantitatively the probability of finding weekly rainfall in other states in the following week and in the long run. The model also reveals that, a week of High rainfall cannot be followed by another week of High rainfall, a week of High rainfall cannot be followed by a week of No rainfall, and a week of Moderate rainfall cannot precede a week of High rainfall. With the combined results of the discrete and continuous time Markov model, the rainfall pattern of the study area is better understood. These results are important information to the residents of Markudi and environmental management scientists for effective planning and viable crop production.