An Overview of Azo Dyes Degradation in Textile Industry Effluents Using Microbes

The discharge of wastewater from textile industries has remained a major concern of the present days. Due to the intensity of pollutants that these effluents promote the more pernicious classes because it is highly persistent in the aquatic environment that is an integral part of our daily life. There is a compulsive requirement to treat textile wastewater before their discharge to the environment via few processes like physical, chemical and biological. Bioremediation is more sustainable than any other remediation processes and alternatives. In the last few decades, it has been found that some microorganisms have an effective ability to degrade azo dyes enzymatically under their favourable environmental conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancement in the degradation of azo dyes using microbes, focusing on various microbial species integration and their degradation mechanisms, influencing factors, and the potential for large- scale application as well as utilization of biomass to energy production. The study also highlights the challenges and future perspectives like gene coding and understanding the molecular mechanisms of azo dye degradation by microorganisms is optimising and developing successful bioremediation techniques for the development of efficient and eco-friendly bioremediation strategies.