Evaluation of Maternal Thyroid Hormone Status and Atherogenic Potency in Pre Eclampsia in Kolar District- A South West of India

Aim: To determine maternal thyroid hormone status and lipid profile in preeclampsia.

Study Design: A prospective case control study consist of two groups such as group 1 normotensive non-preeclamptic group and group 2 as cases with clinically diagnosed preeclampsia

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RL Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre kolar, between January 2012 and June 2013.

Methodology: A total number of 100 pregnant patients were enrolled in the present study. Amongst, normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women Group 1 (n=50) as controls (n=50). Group-2 (n=50) were preeclampsia cases. Five ml of blood samples were collected from each normal pregnant and preeclampsia patients. Thyroid hormone levels and lipid parameters were estimated using spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis carried out by using Mean ± SD, and ‘t’ test.

Results: The Mean ± SD values of T3 ng/ml (1.56±0.38), T4 (1.37±0.36) mcg/dl, TSH (2.45±1.23) mcIU/ml in normal pregnants and T3 ng/ml (1.37±0.36), T4 (9.87±2.83) mcg/dl, TSH (6.15±5.51) mcIU/ml in preeclampsia cases were presented. Similarly Mean ± SD values of total cholesterol (181.62±44.33) mg/dl, HDL cholesterol (49.44±11.54) mg/dl, Triglycerides (198.10±49.84) mg/dl, LDL cholesterol (104.90±29.58) mg/dl, and Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (3.67) were from control group and total cholesterol (222.60±70.07) mg/dl, HDL cholesterol (45.92±11.81), Triglycerides (278.66±93.46) mg/dl, LDL cholesterol (116.52±49.26) mg/dl, and cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio (4.84) in preeclampsia were presented respectively.

Conclusion: Pre eclampsia patients have higher levels of TSH and lower levels of T3 and T4 in comparison to normotensive pregnant women. This changes in the thyroid hormones did not correlate with the severity of preeclampsia between mild and severe pre eclampsia groups. Dyslipidemia was observed in pre eclampsia group than in the normotensive group indicates the possible atherogenic potential. This association may be useful in understanding the pathologic processes of preeclampsia.